12/14/2023 0 Comments Antidote for lovenox overdose![]() One mg of enoxaparin is equal to 100 units of anti-Xa activity. ![]() Intramuscular administration is generally avoided. There is a small risk of bruising that can be minimized by not rubbing the injection site. Subcutaneous administration should alternate between the left or right anterolateral and left or right posterolateral abdominal wall. An IV injection is usually given during the primary PCI and at the time of STEMI. The port should be flushed before use with normal saline or 5% dextrose water. The intravenous formulation should not be mixed or co-administered with other medications. Enoxaparin can also be administered in intravenous formulations. Ninety percent of the drug is available when given in the subcutaneous form. Įnoxaparin has an advantage over heparin because of its bioavailability. As enoxaparin is primarily eliminated by renal excretion, there is a concern for drug accumulation and bleeding risk in patients with renal impairment. Metabolism: It is metabolized in the liver by desulfation and depolymerization to lower molecular weight fragments with reduced biologic activity.Įxcretion: Enoxaparin follows first-order kinetics and is eliminated primarily in the urine. The elimination half-life of enoxaparin is approximately 3 to 4.5 hours following a single dose. Following repeated doses, the half-life of enoxaparin increases to approximately 7 hours. ![]() ĭistribution: The apparent volume of distribution of enoxaparin estimated by anti-Factor-Xa activity is approximately 4.3 Liters. Anti-Factor Xa activity is detected in plasma for about 12 hours. Ībsorption: Peak effect of enoxaparin is observed approximately 4 hours after administration. The anti-factor Xa-to-IIa activity ratio for the LMWHs varies from 2:1 to 4:1. Thus, enoxaparin has less activity against factor IIa (thrombin) than unfractionated heparin. Due to their smaller chain length and lower molecular weight, LMWH has better activity against factor-Xa and inhibits thrombin to a lesser degree. Smaller heparin fragments cannot bind antithrombin and thrombin simultaneously. The primary difference between unfractionated heparin and enoxaparin is their relative inhibition of thrombin (factor-IIa) and factor-Xa. Enoxaparin is an indirect anticoagulant that binds and potentiates antithrombin III (serine protease inhibitor) through a specific pentasaccharide sequence to form a complex that irreversibly inactivates factor Xa. It has a quick onset of action when given in the intravenous form. Enoxaparin is low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) with a mean molecular weight of 4000 to 5000 Daltons.
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